2009-03-13(Fri)
Countries in the world happened to prevent cervical cancer major research focus on the analysis of the factors which will increase the cervical cancer the opportunity to happen. British scientists have done for 12,500 women of 28 clinical studies were evaluated to determine the use of oral contraceptives and cervical cancer caused by whether a certain contact. The results of the assessment showed that those who have never taken oral contraceptives than women who use oral contraceptives for less than 5 years of women suffering from cervical cancer was 10%, while oral contraceptives have been in use for 5-9 years women for cervical cancer 60% chance to happen, if the use of oral contraceptives period is extended to more than 10 years, the incidence of cervical cancer may be as high as 120%.
Caused by cervical cancer occurred in one of the most common causes are Human herpes virus-type infection. The herpes simplex virus type person is a sexually transmitted virus, is currently all the invasive cervical cancer are found to have the virus. In developed countries, cervical cancer can usually be accessed through the regular medical examination found. Generally available because of cervical cancer at its early and checked out to obtain more timely treatment, so this type of cancer the cure rate is also relatively high. Nevertheless, cervical cancer is still the world's cancer deaths in many countries, one of the main culprits.
2009-03-12(Thu)
Hysteromyoma female genital mutilation are the most common benign tumor of one at 30 ~ 50-year-old female in very high morbidity. It is caused by irregular menstruation, abdominal mass, pain, leukorrhea increased infertility, symptoms of the circulatory system, so that sisters pain. Uterine fibroids are a dependent on estrogen for tumor growth, at the high-estrogen environment, such as pregnancy, exogenous estrogen, such as high-growth cases obvious, in postmenopausal myoma is gradually shrinking.
Leiomyoma size and because of their different positions, the majority of patients with uterine fibroids without subjective symptoms, loss of valuable treatment time. So, how does the early detection of uterine fibroids?
Abnormal vaginal bleeding: for the most common symptoms, manifested as post-menopausal vaginal bleeding or menstrual abnormalities, accounting for 65.5% ~ 78.2%, with cyclical bleeding (menstruation excessive menstrual or menstrual cycle to shorten the extension) for many, Aperiodic (continuous or irregular) bleeding accounts for 1 / 3.
Abdominal mass: more common in uterine leiomyoma sarcoma were variable. Mass can be increased rapidly if the growth of sarcoma of the vagina, there is often a sense of vagina prominent block structures. Uterus often increased, irregular shape, quality real soft.
Abdominal pain, lumbar acid, lower坠胀: The patient is usually no pain, but when fibroids occur when torsion of acute abdominal pain.坠胀common symptoms are lower abdomen, back pain and so on, heavier menstrual period.
Increased vaginal discharge and leucorrhea: serous generally, the merger may have purulent infection, there is the stench.
Lower limb edema: If a larger tumor, can be oppressive to stimulate the bladder or rectum symptoms appear, oppression vein of lower extremity edema may occur.
In addition, patients with advanced can have weight loss, anemia, fever, systemic symptoms such as failure.
The treatment of uterine fibroids depends on the patient's age, fibroid location, size, growth rate, as well as the deformation caused by the womb, whether or not to retain reproductive function, and so on. If the fibroids smaller, asymptomatic, generally do not require treatment. Particularly those who are approaching menopause, because estrogen levels in postmenopausal depression, fibroids naturally shrink or disappear, just regular (3 ~ 6 months) can be reviewed. Review found such as fibroids or symptoms increased significantly when considering further treatment.
The broad masses of women of childbearing age should pay attention to their health, to develop good hygiene habits, to maintain the vulva clean and dry, underwear appropriate for clemency. Leucorrhea if excessive, attention should be paid at any time genital washing. Most women are in the census or for other reasons found by chance check hysteromyoma, it is necessary to develop a regular gynecological check good habit, preferably every six months for a B-or gynecological examinations. Myoma larger than the obvious, serious bleeding, and they should be treated in time. Menstrual and post-natal to pay special attention to maintenance, is strictly prohibited sexual, and maintain clean vulva and vagina. Keep ease of mind, emotional stability, ease from work, study, living in competitive pressures. Attention to keep warm and avoid catch cold, especially the rain.
The number of abortions will lead to many uterine fibroids. Therefore, both spouses should actively take contraceptive measures to avoid or reduce the number of abortions. Older women, or postmenopausal women have vaginal bleeding occurred, should be more alert. Women taking estrogen happen with high risk of endometrial cancer, according to the rational use of medication, postmenopausal Particular attention should be given to prevent uterine fibroids grow up.
Nutritious diet, with reasonable, appropriate light, easy to digest, eat more protein, vitamins, food; if excessive menstruation, it is necessary to eat more foods rich in iron to prevent iron deficiency anemia;忌食spicy irritating cold food.
2009-03-09(Mon)
Routine Inspection
Inspection items: hemoglobin, platelet, WBC, etc..
Mainly to determine whether or not the prospective mother anemia, normal is 100 ~ 160g / L. Mild anemia in pregnant women and childbirth has little effect on severe anemia can cause premature birth, low birth weight infants and other adverse consequences.
● leukocytes play in the drive to eradicate pathogens in vivo, to defend the role of health, the normal value is 4 ~ 10 × 109 / L, more than this range may indicate there is infection, but can be mildly elevated during pregnancy.
● platelet in hemostasis play an important role in the process, the normal value for the 100 ~ 300 × 1012 / L, if the platelet less than 100 × 1012 / L, will be the impact of the prospective mother of coagulation function.
Urine routine examination
Inspection items: urine protein, sugar and ketones, microscopy, such as red blood cells and interleukin.
Under normal circumstances, these indicators were negative.
● If the protein-positive, suggesting that there is pregnancy-induced hypertension, kidney disease may be.
● If positive for sugar or ketones that have diabetes may need further examination.
● If it is found that there is red blood cells and leukocytes, it has prompted the possibility of urinary tract infection, required attention, such as accompanied by frequent urination, urgency and other symptoms, the need for timely treatment.
Liver and kidney function tests
Inspection items: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and so on.
● normal liver function: ALT 0 ~ 55U / L, aspartate aminotransferase 0 ~ 55U / L.
● normal renal function: blood urea nitrogen 9 ~ 20mg/dl, creatinine 0.5 ~ 1.1mg/dl.
These are mainly in order to check whether or not the prospective mother hepatitis, nephritis and other diseases.
Blood examination
Inspection Items: 1. ABO blood group; 2. Rh blood type.
Check the blood type, to prepare for production of blood transfusion, the prospective mother know their blood type is very important.
● If the husband for the A, B or AB blood, pregnant women for the O type blood, give birth to small babies have the possibility of ABO hemolytic.
● at Asians in fewer Rh-negative blood type, the majority of Rh-positive blood type. If the Rh blood group incompatibility between men and women, it may happen baby hemolysis.
Syphilis serology test
Inspection Items: 1. Treponema antibody hemagglutination test (TPHA); 2. Rapid plasma reagin test (RPR).
Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum a sexually transmitted disease. If pregnant women suffering from syphilis through the placenta directly to the fetus, has led to the possibility of neonatal congenital syphilis.
● normal pregnant women of these two test results were negative. RPR-positive specificity is not high, will be the impact of other diseases arising from false-positive, TPHA-positive diagnosis of syphilis can be used as the pilot.
AIDS serology
Inspection items: AIDS (HIV) antibody.
AIDS is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome literal translation of the name, is a serious immune deficiency disorders, the pathogens are HIV virus. Normal pregnant women for HIV antibody negative.
● If infected with the HIV virus, the result was positive. HIV virus will be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, this will result in HIV-infected newborns.
Gonorrhea bacteriology
Inspection items: cultivate gonococci.
Gonorrhea is caused by Gonococci of sexually transmitted diseases, through direct dissemination of unclean sexual intercourse, but also through contaminated clothing gonorrhea, urinals, instrument, such as communication, may also be suffering from the mother through the birth canal to neonatal infection.
● the general pregnant women are admitted to do cervical secretions gonococcus cultivate, normal pregnant women cultivate the results were negative. If positive, that there is gonococcal infections, the need for timely treatment.
Hepatitis B (HBV) virology check
Inspection items: hepatitis B virus antigens and antibodies.
In viral hepatitis, with the highest incidence of hepatitis B in early pregnancy can increase the early response, and easy development of severe acute hepatitis, a life-threatening. Hepatitis B virus infection in the fetus through the placenta, the probability of mother to child transmission of over 90%.
● normal pregnant women the indicators were negative.
● If the simple hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)-positive, previously infected with hepatitis B virus, it is already healed, and hepatitis B virus with immunity.
● If the other indicators (HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAbIgG, HBcAbIgM) need positive attention, to say the virus is contagious, are advised to seek medical consultation.
Hepatitis C (HCV) virus checking
Inspection items: Hepatitis C (HCV) antibody.
HCV hepatitis C virus are pathogens, and 75% and asymptomatic patients, only 25% of patients have fever, vomiting, diarrhea. Hepatitis C virus can also be passed to the fetus through the placenta.
● normal pregnant negative test results, if positive, that there is hepatitis C virus infection, doctors and pregnant women to be attracted attention.
Prenatal screening for Down's Syndrome
Inspection items: study of serum screening for Down's Syndrome.
Prenatal screening for Down's Syndrome is a more economic, simple, noninvasive fetal testing methods that can search out pregnant women have high risk of fetal Down's syndrome individuals. The incidence of Down's syndrome is 1 / 1000 (newborn), severe congenital mental retardation are one of the main reasons, normal children with Down's syndrome children and his wife also possible, and with the age of the mother's increased its incidence is also increased.
● each prospective mother at the second trimester between 14 ~ 20 weeks to inspect the negative reports show that the fetus only happen the congenital anomaly is very low, and should not be totally ruled out such anomalies. The results of prenatal screening in order to express the risk rate of less than 1 / 275 for the screening test, it would take to do further examination of amniotic fluid.
TORCH syndrome prenatal screening
Inspection items: Rubella virus (RV), Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibody.
Prospective mother during pregnancy four months ago, if infected with these viruses, can make a serious fetal congenital malformations, and even abortion.
● The best are at pre-pregnancy preparation for this examination, the normal negative, if the check-positive should be treated before pregnancy. For the home pet prospective mother should be checked.
ECG
Inspection items: electrocardiogram.
This examination is in order to rule out heart disease, to confirm whether it can withstand the prospective birth mother.
● Under normal circumstances the results of the normal electrocardiogram. ECG abnormalities such as the need for timely advice to doctors and to make further checks.
Ultrasonography
Inspection Items: B super.
B ultrasonic examination in the 18 ~ 24 weeks to do first. Detect whether the fetus can survive, whether for multiple births, or even whether it can identify fetal malformations.
● amniotic fluid at the depth of 3 ~ 7 cm between the normal, more than 7 centimeters for an increase in amniotic fluid, amniotic fluid, compared with less than three centimeters reduction of fetal growth adversely.
● fetal exist on fetal survival. Normal fetal heart rate of 120 ~ 160 times / min, which is lower than or outside the range of the fetus in utero have prompted the possibility of hypoxia.
Vaginal discharge to check
Inspection items: leucorrhea cleanliness, candida and trichomonas, clue cells.
Leucorrhea vaginal mucosa are exudate, cervical and endometrial glands, such as a mixture of secretions.
● Under normal circumstances cleanliness for the degree of Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ, Ⅲ ~ Ⅳ degrees for abnormal leukorrhea, vaginal inflammation express.
● Candida or Trichomonas infection have positive note, the need for appropriate treatment, the normal negative.
● clue cells bacterial vaginosis are the most sensitive indicator of the most specific, in the vaginal secretions have to find clues in the cell can make a bacterial vaginosis diagnosis, such as the normal negative note.
Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus
Inspection items: 50 grams of glucose load test.
This is a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus. At 24 ~ 28 weeks of pregnancy, and oral glucose containing 50 grams of water, 1 hours after the detection of blood plasma glucose values.
● If not less than 7.8mmol / L (or 140mg/dl), positive screening indicates the need for further 75 grams oral glucose tolerance test to make it clear whether gestational diabetes mellitus.
Through these presentations, the prospective mother have opponents on these tests alone have a clear understanding of the right? If there is abnormal, to arouse the vigilance and timely advice to doctors ah.
2009-03-09(Mon)
Lot of patients with diseases of the cervix, there are some misunderstanding: a view that married women will have cervicitis, it will not affect the job without affecting the life, insignificant, treatment and non-treatment are the same. Another think, will lead to cervical cancer Cervicitis severe cervical erosion in particular, about the mere mention cancer, have a "fear of cancer" and the impact of personal feelings as well as everyday life.
Well, cervicitis, cervical erosion, cervical cancer has in the end are what relationship? Inflammation are not necessarily turn into cervical cancer do?
Cervicitis disease as a disease, it mainly includes the following three specific diseases: cervical erosion, cervical cysts and cervical polyps, one of the most common is cervical erosion. The performance of its typical symptoms: leucorrhea excessive hair yellow and cervical hyperemia, edema, lumbosacral pain, pelvic fall the Department has flu, such as dysmenorrhea. Cervicitis, cervical erosion Early treatment is essential, because early if timely and effective treatment, is likely to lead to cervical malignant transformation. Of patients with cervical malignant transformation to a survey, because of missing part of the treatment of patients with cervicitis, making the probability of malignant transformation of cervical enhance 5 ~ 10 times. All over the world every year around 20 million women have died from the disease. In developed countries, the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased significantly, largely due to precancerous lesions of early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, only in the early diagnosis on the basis of a comprehensive and effective treatment, can effectively prevent the possibility of malignant lesions of the cervix.
Cervicitis generally divided into two types of acute and chronic, of which the most common chronic cervicitis.
Acute cervicitis was not obvious because the symptoms often being neglected, thus the development of chronic cervicitis. Chronic cervicitis common in childbirth, abortion or surgery after cervical injury, caused by pathogens of invasive infection, acute cervicitis if not promptly cure, treatment is not thorough, then easily lead to pathogen proliferation along the uterosacral ligament to the pelvic cavity may have lumbosacral pain , lower pelvic pain, such as falling.
The fact is, if you have been diagnosed cervicitis once, then no relationship with cervical cancer are often some inflammatory cervical erosion is not caused by erosion, but has a number of precancerous lesions is not clear, giving the feel of cervical erosion with cervical cancer are related.
Cervical erosion is a description of the phenomenon, but also a disease diagnosis, and thus easier to make people confused. Cervical erosion, cervicitis with cervical cancer are in fact not directly related. Lot of people see cervical erosion, if not after a cytology test, tend to hide a number of precancerous lesions, precancerous lesions caused by erosion we have not called cervical erosion, are precancerous lesions. Therefore, cervicitis and cervical cancer are not directly related.
Generally speaking, simple cervicitis pose no health threat, but the inflammation caused by cervical leucorrhea increase in low back pain, abdominal symptoms such as坠胀will affect people's emotions. In addition, excessive vaginal discharge patients, about 20% -25% are caused by cervicitis, leukorrhea caused by inflammation due to viscous purulent, would be detrimental to sperm through the cervical canal, resulting in infertility.
2009-03-09(Mon)
Cervical erosion refers to the cervix outside the mouth Department cervicovaginal triggered in part because of bacterial invasive infection caused by a gynecological diseases. Leucorrhea increase in disease symptoms, low back pain, lower abdominal pain, such as falling, and the disease at pre-menstrual, defecation and sexual intercourse will increase. Women more vulnerable to disease.
Home treatment measures
Appropriate diet light
Eat more fruits and vegetables and light food, and pay attention to rest.
Attention to the critical period of health care
Since a lot of women are very vulnerable to contracting the disease, must therefore pay attention to health care, especially menstruation, pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Maintain genital cleanliness
Maintain genital cleanliness is essential, and should go to the hospital to do regular checks to ensure early detection, early treatment, while avoiding the unclean sexual intercourse.
When necessary, the use of surgical treatment
The condition of patients and, if necessary, surgical treatment can be.
Chinese medicine therapy
① cream May 9 grams, 6 grams wheat bran grass, sheep Tanzhong appropriate.煎汤taking it can also be used for trichomonas vaginitis.
② Yunnanbaiyao 10 grams. Using glycerol ointment tune into shape, will be applied ointment with cotton balls on line, Cypriot vagina, close to cervical erosion Department, 12 hours later, a go-between to be cotton balls out (on drugs before the vaginal rinse), 3 sky drug one time, 5 times one course of treatment, medication during the sexual life to avoid.
